• Pain Audit
  • Background
  • What is OA?
  • What is the impact of OA?
  • The need for improved care in OA
  • Audit objectives
• Assessment Tools
  • A comprehensive pain assessment
  • Pain location
  • Pain intensity
  • Causes & Classification of pain
  • Assessing neuropathic pain
  • Other types of pain
  • Neurological examination
  • Psychosocial assessment
  • Diagnostic testing
  • Physical risk factors
  • Psychosocial risk factors
  • Ongoing assessment and review
  • References
  • Appendices
  • Appendix 1: Assessment of patient's pain history
  • Appendix 2: Body map
  • Appendix 3: DN4 Neuropathic Pain Diagnostic Questionnaire
  • Appendix 4: (LANSS) Pain Scale
  • Appendix 5: SF-12 Health Survey
  • Appendix 6: Kessler Psychological Distress Scale
  • Appendix 7: Orebo Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire
• Management Tools
  • AIMS OF TREATING PERSISTENT PAIN
  • GENERAL PAIN MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES
  • TREATMENT PLAN
  • PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENTS
  • (WHO) – ANALGESIC LADDER
  • COMMONLY PRESCRIBED ANALGESICS
  • ASSESSING INEFFECTIVE TREATMENT
  • NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENTS
  • PATIENT/FAMILY EDUCATION
  • PREVENTING DECONDITIONING WITH "PACED" PHYSICAL EXERCISE
  • PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS
  • ALLIED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL INTERVENTIONS
  • COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE TREATMENTS
  • SURGERY AND OTHER INVASIVE PROCEDURES
  • TREATMENT ALGORITHMS
  • MULTIDISCIPLINARY PAIN CENTRES
  • SUMMARY: PAIN TREATMENT
  • REFERENCES
  • APPENDICES
  • Appendix 1: Chronic Disease Management Plan for GPs
  • Appendix 2: A Team Care Arrangement for GPs
  • Appendix 3: NSW Therapeutic Advisory Group patient information leaflet on chronic pain
  • Appendix 4: Neuropathic pain treatment algorithm
  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
  • DISCLAIMER
• Resources

ASSESSMENT TOOLS

Multiple dimensions of pain Pain is a complex phenomenon involving interactions between physical or biological, psychological and psychosocial aspects1. Other factors (such as litigation and compensation issues) can influence pain symptoms or disability2, 3. Effective pain management therefore requires a multidimensional assessment of the pain problem that goes beyond the physiological cause. The “biopsychosocial” model of pain (See Figure 1) includes a biological, psychological and psychosocial assessment of pain3, 4.